And Consequences - When States Fail: Causes

Perform well across all categories, ensuring security, law, and basic infrastructure.

State failure is rarely triggered by a single event but rather a combination of systemic issues: When States Fail: Causes and Consequences

Characterized by enduring internal violence and a government that has lost legitimacy and physical control over its territory. Perform well across all categories, ensuring security, law,

Human agency is often the most direct cause, as rulers subvert democratic norms and work for personal or kin-based gain. Perform well across all categories

Fulfill some expectations but perform poorly in others; they often suffer from corruption and deteriorating infrastructure.