: New regulations starting in 2031 will require specific recycled content for batteries, including 6% lithium and 16% cobalt [22]. Operational Challenges
: Higher fixed costs and adverse effects from U.S. tariffs [12, 28]. vw.zip
Based on the Volkswagen Group's 2024 and 2025 financial disclosures , : New regulations starting in 2031 will require
: Sales revenue of €145.2 billion (+3.7%), with a 4.7% operating return on sales. vw.zip
Performance varied significantly across Volkswagen’s brand groups in 2025 [28]:
: Aiming for 40% circular materials in vehicles by 2040 (excluding China) [22].
: Order intake for all-electric vehicles in Western Europe surged by 88% in 2024 [16].