This is the "fast track." When a fluid moves, it carries both thermal energy and chemical species much faster than simple diffusion or conduction alone.
Just as there is a thermal boundary layer where temperature changes near a surface, there is a concentration boundary layer where the mixture composition changes. Real-World Example: Think of a cup of hot coffee :
numbers, or see how this applies to a specific industrial process ?
Both can occur through stationary media (conduction/diffusion) or moving fluids (convection). Key Concepts to Remember:
