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: Guarantees freedoms concerning religion, speech, the press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.

: Protect the rights of the accused, including the right to a speedy trial, a fair jury, and protection against "cruel and unusual punishment". 2. Universal Human Rights : Guarantees freedoms concerning religion

Beyond national laws, are seen as universal entitlements for every person, regardless of nationality, race, or religion. The United Nations monitors these through international treaties like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. a fair jury

In the United States, the first ten amendments to the Constitution are known as the . Ratified in 1791, these amendments protect individual liberties by placing limits on government power. regardless of nationality