The term typically appears in academic literature and technical reports as a shorthand reference to one of the following:
Overview of XtreeE and 3D Concrete Printing XtreeE is a French company specializing in large-scale and collaborative robotics for the construction industry. Their technology replaces traditional formwork with robotic extrusion systems that deposit high-performance concrete layer-by-layer. Download xtreee(18) txt
The "open time" (window where material is pumpable but stiff enough to support layers) is typically around 40–80 minutes. The term typically appears in academic literature and
Papers such as "3D Printing Using Concrete Extrusion: A Roadmap for Research" (Buswell et al., 2018) are available as PDFs or plain text abstracts on HAL Open Archive and ResearchGate . Papers such as "3D Printing Using Concrete Extrusion:
For machine specifications, the European Patent Office provides downloadable bulletins containing their system designs. A specific patent document regarding their extruder?
Reproduction of natural coral reefs using 3D-printed concrete to support local ecosystems.