Mojibake (Japanese for "character transformation") happens when the "map" used to read digital data is incorrect.
: It usually happens during file transfers between different operating systems (e.g., Mac to Windows) or when downloading files from older databases that don't enforce a universal standard like UTF-8 . mathematical symbols ( § )
: It typically results in a string of accented letters ( Ð , Ñ ), mathematical symbols ( § ), and punctuation ( … ). The LOON Minnesota's magazine of mathematical symbols ( § )